西瓜种质资源果实性状及聚类分析

为发掘和利用西瓜优异的种质资源,本研究对100份西瓜的主要果实性状进行了分析。结果表明:果实平均重和千粒重变异系数较大,果皮硬度和含糖量变异较小。基于果实性状的聚类分析将供试材料分为4个类群。类群I,包括21份材料,主要来自美国和日本,美国的材料占该类群的42.9%,日本材料占38.10%,该类群的特点是果实中等、种子小、含糖量高、硬度高;类群Ⅱ,包括25份材料,16份来自国内,占该类群的64%,其特点为果实大、种子大、含糖量中等、硬度高;类群Ⅲ,包括35份材料,主要来自日本,占该类群的54.28%,该类群特点是果实中等、种子小、含糖量高、硬度差;类群Ⅳ,包括19份材料,主要来自美国的PI系列,占该类群的63%,其特点为果实小、种子中等、含糖量低、硬度中等。     

猪Leptin基因的SNP筛查及其与生长性状的关联分析

根据猪Leptin基因的已知序列设计引物(序列号:U66254、AF026976),PCR扩增产物用变性高效液相色谱技术(DHPLC)和直接测序法进行单核苷酸多态性(SNP)筛查,对其中的4个SNP位点(C3469T、C3952G、C4115T和C4227T)进行基因型与生长性状的关联分析.结果共获得35个多态位点,其中C4115T和C4227T位点在长蓝F2资源群中分别缺少1个基因型,且与各性状相关不显著;C3469T位点与猪的平均日增重存在极显著相关(P<0.01),TT型和CC型显著高于TC型;C3952G位点与猪的体长和眼肌面积等存在一定相关(P<0.1).     

北疆陆地棉不同品种产量和品质性状的空间分布研究

对六个早熟陆地棉品种(系)的部分产量性状和品质性状的空间分布进行了研究分析,结果表明,不同果枝间的铃重、衣分、绒长存在较大差异,且达显著水平.铃重、衣分、绒长在不同果枝间的分布呈现一定的规律性,铃重表现为中上部果枝的铃重较大,顶部和下部枝铃重偏低,尤以下部第一果枝铃重最低;衣分表现为中部果枝高,而上部和下部较低;绒长则表现为随着果枝节位的升高,绒长呈下降的趋势.比强和马克隆值在不同果枝间的也存在一定差异,但未达显著水平.根据前人研究对以上情况进行了探讨,并以此就北疆棉区的早熟陆地棉育种和栽培提出了看法.     

Value of permanent grassland habitats as reservoirs of Festuca pratensis Huds. and Lolium multiflorum Lam. populations for breeding and conservation

European natural and semi-natural grassland form reservoirs of genetic resources containing highly adapted and variable ecotype populations of forage plants. Variation within these reservoirs is stimulated by variation in natural and anthropogenic site-related factors. Changes in agricultural practices lead to the loss of many characteristic habitats. In order to preserve resources for breeding, targeted conservation strategies for germplasm in gene banks (ex-situ) or on site (in-situ) are needed. In order to define site-related criteria for the potential of habitats to preserve valuable resources for breeding and conservation, 38 different habitats across Switzerland were selected to collect Festuca pratensis Huds. and Lolium multiflorum Lam. ecotype populations. Phenotypic variation and population differentiation of 60 single plants were evaluated in a field experiment using 16 morpho-physiological traits. For F. pratensis, ecotype populations and cultivars were clearly separated and there was a significant correlation between diversity of morphological traits and geographic location of sampling sites. For L. multiflorum no clear separation of ecotype populations and cultivars was observed suggesting gene flow from adjacent temporary leys into permanent grassland. Several ecotype populations were superior to cultivars in important traits such as early heading or resistance to winter damage, indicating the importance of natural habitats as a reservoir of genetic resources for breeding. In conclusion, maintenance of permanent grassland in contrasting environments appears to be a promising strategy for preserving valuable genetic variation of forage grasses. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Genetic analysis of agronomic and fibre traits using four interspecific chromosome substitution lines in cotton

Backcrossed chromosome substitution lines (CS‐B) have been developed with a homologous pair of chromosomes or chromosome arms of Gossypium barbadense (3‐79) germplasm substituted for the homologous Gossypium hirsutum(TM‐1) chromosomes or chromosome segments. We report on agronomic and fibre trait performance of four backcrossed chromosome or chromosome arm substitution lines including chromosomes 01, 11sh (chromosome 11 short arm), 12 sh and 26 Lo (chromosome 26 long arm). Data for agronomic and fibre traits were collected from replicated field experiments at two different locations in 2 years, and analysed under an additive dominance genetic model. CS‐B 12sh had higher, while CS‐B 01 and CS‐B 26Lo had lower boll weight than TM‐1. The presence of significant negative additive effects for micronaire with CS‐B 01 and significant positive additive effects for elongation and fibre strength with CS‐B 11sh suggested the substituted chromosome arms of 3‐79 in these CS‐B lines were more likely carrying genes causing these effects. Results revealed that several CS‐B lines had significant homozygous and heterozygous dominance effects for different agronomic and fibre traits suggesting that specific CS‐B lines may be useful for improving agronomic and fibre traits in hybrid cottons. These CS‐B lines also provide novel genetic resources for improving upland cotton germplasm.     

密度对不同株型玉米群体结构的调控效应

不同供试品种的茎叶夹角与株型特征密切相关,随着株型紧凑型增强,该参数值增大;在生育后期,不同株型玉米品种LAI各密度下大体表现为GY115较高,ND108次之,ZD958较低。随着密度增加,各品种LAI增大,紧凑型ZD958植株下位叶片的衰老速率相对减慢。供试品种群体中、下部1 d内各测定时期光截获的数量随密度增加明显减少,不同株型品种相比减小的幅度依数值大小依次为GY115,ND108和ZD958。随密度增大单株干物重降低,但以ZD958降低幅度较小,ND108次之,GY115较大。不同株型品种产量对密度的反应不同,获得高产的适宜密度存在明显差异。     

不结球白菜品质性状与矿质营养的典型相关及逐步回归分析

选用42个不同生态型的不结球白菜品种,研究3叶片粗纤维、Vc、可溶性糖、有机酸、氨基酸、综合风味等品质性状与N,P,K,Ca,Mg,S等矿质营养元素之间的关系,旨在探讨不结球白菜品质性状与育种中利用一些简单易测的矿质元素来筛选品质指标,并通过施肥措施提高其品质的可行性。典型相关和双重筛选逐步回归分析表明:不结球白菜叶片N,K,S与品质性状的相关性均达到显著或极显著水平。品质性状与矿质元素的相关主要由品质性状的粗纤维,Vc,NO3-和矿质营养性状中的N,K,S,Mn的相关引起。N,K对品质性状起着直接的正向效应,氮的正向作用有一定的适度范围,而钾起着绝对品质元素的作用,硫对综合风味的负效应最强,可能与硫含量的高低影响风味物质的合成有关。     

陆地棉衣分差异群体产量及产量构成因素

 以衣分差异较大的陆地棉品种为材料,构建了包含188个F₂单株的作图群体,应用6111对SSR引物对亲本进行了分子标记筛选,结果仅获得了123个多态性位点,其中88个位点构建了总长为666.7 cM、平均距离为7.57 cM的遗传图谱,覆盖棉花基因组的14.9%。通过复合区间作图法对F₂单株和F_2∶3家系进行QTL检测,共鉴定出了18个控制产量及产量构成因素变异的QTLs,包括2个衣分QTLs、4个子棉产量QTLs、4个皮棉产量QTLs、2个衣指QTLs、3个单株铃数QTLs、2个铃重QTLs和1个子指QTL。 解释的表型变异分别为\{6.9%\}～16.9%、5.6%～16.2%、4.8%～15.6%、7.7%～13.3%、8.2%～11.6%、6.1%～7%和6.6%。不同QTLs在相同染色体区段上的成簇分布表明与产量性状相关的基因可能紧密连锁或一因多效。产量及产量构成因素QTLs的遗传方式主要以显性和超显性效应为主。检测到的主效QTLs可以用于棉花产量及产量构成因素的分子标记辅助选择。     

利用陆地棉置换系进行海岛棉主要性状基因的染色体定位

 利用海岛棉染色体置换陆地棉一对染色体或染色体臂的置换系,进行主要农艺性状、抗黄萎病性和纤维品质基因染色体定位。结果表明,海岛棉1号染色体可以增加株高;16、17、18、4号染色体携带降低铃数基因;22Lo、22Sh、16、11Sh、26Lo号染色体可以提高衣分;大部分染色体降低铃重。16、26Lo染色体可以增强抗黄萎病性。对纤维品质性状分析表明,14Sh、26Lo号染色体可以提高纤维长度;14Sh、15Sh号染色体可以提高强度;4号染色体可以降低麦克隆值;22Sh、16、22Lo、11Sh号染色体可以提高伸长率。推测这些染色体上可能具有对应性状的基因。     

菜用大豆(Soybean)引种试验研究

[目的]筛选适宜大规模栽培的大豆优良株系。[方法]对引进的5个菜用大豆株系在种植生态条件下的植物学特征,农艺性状等进行评价及筛选。[结果]结果表明,通过比较分析,4号株系表现的生育期短,干耔产量较低,结荚个数较少;可利用的鲜粒,鲜荚较大,籽粒饱满,秕荚率低;矮株抗倒伏,6月份收获鲜荚。[结论]大豆可考虑引进栽培。